2026年 04期

威海市浅层地下水水化学特征分析及水质评价

Analysis of Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater in Weihai City

摘要(Abstract):

针对山东省威海市地下水存在硝酸盐、氯化物及矿化度超标等问题,基于2023年8月采集的72组浅层地下水水样,综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比值分析及绝对主成分(APCS)-多元线性回归(MLR)受体模型等方法进行水化学分析,并采用熵权水质指数(EWQI)法对地下水水质进行评价。结果表明:研究区地下水中主导阳离子为钠离子Na+和钙离子Ca2+,主导阴离子为氯离子Cl-和碳酸氢根离子HCO3-,水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg、SO4-Ca·Mg、Cl-Na、Cl·SO4-Ca·Mg为主,硝酸根离子NO3-含量平均值超国家标准中Ⅲ类水质指标,水样超标率达62.5%。APCS-MLR受体模型揭示地下水水化学组分有碳酸盐溶解、海水入侵、人类活动、岩盐和蒸发岩盐溶解及未知源5种来源,其贡献率分别为27.7%、22.4%、20.5%、16.4%和13.0%,水-岩相互作用是区内浅层地下水水化学组分主要来源,海水入侵和人类活动则加剧地下水水化学的演变。基于EWQI法的地下水质评价结果,占比79.17%地下水水质较好,主要位于乳山市中部、荣成市北部;占比12.51%地下水水质较差,主要分布于文登区东南部及荣成市中东部;影响研究地下水质量等级的主要指标贡献程度从大到小依次为总溶解性固体、Na+、NO3-、Ca2+、Cl-和氟离子F-含量。

关键词(KeyWords):地下水; 水化学特征; 主成分分析; 熵权水质指数

基金项目(Foundation):国家自然科学基金重点项目(42430712); 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2024MD009)

作者(Author):胡凯,韩忠,谭肖波,胡晓农,徐征和,刘治政,刘辉,黄林显

DOI:10.13349/j.cnki.jdxbn.20260514.004

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